Magnesium is the 4th most abundant mineral in the body and is involved in thousands of metabolic and enzymatic reactions, including energy production, blood pressure regulation, nerve signal transmission, muscle contraction, protein synthesis, DNA support, blood sugar regulation, bone formation, and vitamin D activation. Magnesium is also vital to thyroid health, hormone balance, and neurotransmitter regulation.

Rich sources of magnesium have diminished due to industrialized agriculture and changing diets, and some studies estimate that as much as 50-70% of the U.S. population needs more magnesium. Magnesium insufficiency is linked to numerous chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, anxiety, and depression. Common signs of magnesium insufficiency include muscle weakness, migraines, PMS, insomnia, heart rhythm irregularities, anxiety and depression, constipation and digestive issues, brain fog and memory problems, loss of appetite, and ADHD.

Three of the most significant benefits of supplementing with magnesium are better mood, better sleep, and increased energy:

• Anxiety – Magnesium regulates neurotransmitters and improves brain functions that reduce stress and anxiety. Magnesium is believed to affect the hypothalamus, which controls the pituitary and adrenal glands responsible for your stress response. Magnesium deficiency is common among people with depression and has been linked with an increased risk of depression. Research suggests that magnesium supplements can reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety.
• Energy – Magnesium is involved in the process of converting food to energy and is required to produce ATP, your body’s energy currency. Magnesium in the mitochondria accounts for one-third of total cellular magnesium in the body. A large portion of the energy used in humans is produced by the mitochondria, and magnesium is is critical for basic mitochondrial function. Inadequate magnesium availability may lead to reduced mitochondrial efficiency and lower energy production.
• Sleep – A lack of magnesium can disrupt your circadian rhythm and the function of
  neurotransmitters linked to sleep. Magnesium has calming properties and helps you fall asleep and sleep more deeply by lowering stress and regulating neurotransmitters, such as GABA.
• Inflammation – Low magnesium intake is associated with increased levels of inflammation and oxidative stress, which can lead to chronic disease. Several studies conclude that magnesium supplements can decrease levels of c-reactive protein and other markers of chronic inflammation, such as IL-6.

Getting a proper amount of magnesium may help lower the risk of depression and anxiety, promote better sleep quality, and help to lower systemic inflammation. THRIVE contains 400mg of magnesium chloride, which is a highly bioavailable form.†

Relevant studies:

Grober et al. Nutrients. 2015
Bailey et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2011
Noah et al. Magnesium Research. 2020
Barragan-Rodriguez et al. Magnes Res. 2008
Mah et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 2021
Zhang et al. Nutrients. 2017

Vitamin D is one of the most important nutrients for overall health — it supports your entire body. Vitamin D helps boost immunity, curbs inflammation, assists in bone formation, is a building block for sex hormones, and plays an important role in regulating mood.

Some of the most critical processes in which vitamin D is involved include:

• Anxiety – Research shows that vitamin D plays an important role in regulating mood. Studies have established a link between vitamin D deficiency and depression and anxiety, and show that vitamin D may improve symptoms in people with depression.
• Energy – Vitamin D plays a vital role in all our cells' functions. Studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to fatigue symptoms and show that supplementing with vitamin D reduces the severity of fatigue.
• Sleep – Vitamin D levels may play a role in certain sleep disorders like apnea and insomnia. Studies show that higher concentrations are associated with better sleep maintenance, while lower levels are associated with poor sleep quality, shorter sleep duration, and delayed bedtime.
• Immunity – Vitamin D helps regulate the cells in your immune system so they can function properly. The vitamin D receptor is present on almost all cells of the immune system. In human studies, a correlation exists between adverse immune outcomes, such as infection and autoimmune disease, and vitamin D deficiency. Further evidence suggests that vitamin D can help prevent respiratory infections such as the flu.

Even though you can get vitamin D directly from the sun or foods, some studies estimate that up to 75% of people are deficient in vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to osteoporosis, lower bone density, decreased immune response, depression, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, dementia, and autoimmune diseases. Most importantly, it is linked to reduced life expectancy. Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency include reduced immunity, tiredness, aches and pains, bone or muscle pain or weakness, depression and
anxiety, stress fractures, and hair loss.

Maintaining proper levels of vitamin D is essential for optimal health. THRIVE contains an optimal dose of 4,000 I.U. of vitamin D3.†

Relevant studies:

Holick. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2017
Barke et al. Current Opinion in Pharmacology. 2010
Cheng et al. Depression and Anxiety. 2020
Nowak et al. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016
Ginde et al. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2009
Holick et al. American Journal of Clinical Nurtition. 2008
Zittermann et al. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2014
Evatt. Sleep. 2015
Harms et al. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2011
Kechichian et al. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2018
Fawzi et al. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2016

Vitamin K2 is a fat-soluble vitamin whose main purpose is to regulate calcium in the body, but it has many other important jobs. Research suggests that it can improve bone health, help prevent heart disease, optimizes sex hormones, helps prevent diabetes, enhances exercise performance, and may help fight cancer.

The role vitamin K2 plays in the body is still not well understood, but research has shown it to have wide ranging benefits:

• Energy – Mitochondria are the power plants of our cells. Vitamin K2 helps transport electrons in mitochondria, which helps boost mitochondrial function and create energy.
• Inflammation – In several studies, higher vitamin K2 levels were associated with lower inflammation rates and c-reactive protein values, which is a marker of systemic inflammation.

Vitamin K2 works synergistically with vitamin D to promote the calcification of bones and prevent calcification of blood vessels and organs. The bone-building proteins matrix GLA and osteocalcin are activated by K2 and use it to bind calcium for transport into the bones, which boosts mineralization and strengthens the bones. Osteoporosis, or the
weakening of bone tissue, is common in Western countries. Several studies have found that people taking K2 supplements had better bone mineral density and fewer fractures.

Vitamin K2 is also vital for heart health. Calcium buildup in the arteries is a major risk factor for heart disease. K2 binds calcium in the arteries, which helps maintain proper arterial flexibility and prevents arterial plaque buildup. Several studies have shown that people with the highest vitamin K2 intake were less likely to develop artery calcification and had a lower risk of dying from heart disease.

Vitamin K2 is rare in the Western diet, and most people don’t even know of its importance. Some researchers think that K2 could be the missing link between diet and several chronic diseases. THRIVE contains 100mcg of K2 MK-7 and 500mcg of K2 MK-4, which are the two most important forms of K2.†

Relevant studies:

Grober et al. Dermato-Endocrinology. 2015
Theuwissen et al. Advances in Nutrition. 2012
Cockayne et al. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2006
Geleijnse et al. Journal of Nutrition. 2004
Shea et al. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2008
Ferland. Advances in Nutrition. 2012

Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb used in Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years to treat various conditions. Ayurveda is a form of traditional Indian medicine that balances the mind, body, and spirit. In Ayurveda, ashwagandha is considered a rusayana, or rejuvenative, for restoring depleted tissues, frazzled nerves, and low libido.

Adaptogens like ashwagandha help the body adapt to and withstand stress. We experience constant stress in our daily lives, whether from work deadlines, the daily commute in traffic, family responsibilities, or subtler things like artificial blue light and ultra-processed foods. Our nervous systems are constantly in a state of arousal, and constantly elevated cortisol negatively impacts our long-term health by leading to systemic inflammation and weakening our immune systems. Adaptogens help increase the threshold for triggering a stress response, break down and clear stress hormones, and increase energy to bring your body out of exhaustion.

Ashwagandha has been shown to help balance the relationship between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands (HPA axis), which governs the body’s response to stress. It reduces the activity of the HPA axis so that your body isn’t constantly overreacting to stressful situations. Ashwagandha controls other stress mediators, including heat shock proteins, cortisol, and stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase. Studies show that it reduces perceived stress and levels of the stress hormone cortisol. By supporting adrenal function, ashwagandha prevents thyroid
hormone and cortisol dysregulation problems.

While ashwagandha is best known for its ability to reduce stress, it has many other positive benefits, including:

• Anxiety – Several studies show that taking ashwagandha can significantly reduce cortisol, perceived stress, and anxiety. Evidence also suggests that ashwagandha may help reduce the symptoms of depression. In some studies, ashwagandha has been shown to have a positive effect on OCD and ADHD.
• Energy – Emerging evidence suggests that ashwagandha can improve athletic performance, including increased endurance, speed, and strength, by enhancing your body’s resilience to physical stress. Research also shows that ashwagandha can help alleviate fatigue from exercise.
• Sleep – Ashwagandha is used as a sleep agent in traditional Ayurveda. Triethylene glycol is the active component of ashwagandha responsible for sleep induction, and ashwagandha has also been shown to improve sleep quality by activating the GABA pathway.
• Immunity – Several small studies have also shown that ashwagandha extract improved immune response by activating white blood cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes. In human, animal, and cell studies, ashwagandha has shown antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-parasitic activity.
• Inflammation – By controlling chronic stress, ashwagandha can lower systemic inflammation and help prevent oxidative stress.

KSM-66 ashwagandha® is an ashwagandha root extract that has been clinically shown to promote cognitive function, stress management, sleep, endurance, and recovery. THRIVE contains 400mg of KSM-66 ashwagandha® to help optimize your mind-body balance.†

Relevant studies:

Lopresti et al. Medicine. 2019
Salve et al. Cureus Journal of Medical Science. 2019
Kelgane et al. Cureus Journal of Medical Science. 2020
Bonilla et al. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2021
Ng et al. Phytotherapy Research. 2020
Chandrasekhar et al. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine. 2012

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that has many roles and benefits in the body, including boosting your immune system and protecting cells from free radical damage. Vitamin C plays a crucial role in the production of collagen, carnitine, and neuropeptides, as well as in gene expression, and low vitamin C levels have been linked to numerous poor health outcomes.

• Anxiety – Long-term vitamin C deficiency is linked to nervousness and emotional instability, and vitamin C supplements have been shown to help reduce anxiety. Many studies have found that vitamin C may reduce the severity of depression in both children and adults, as well as improve the mood of healthy individuals. Adequate vitamin C levels are necessary for converting dopamine to norepinephrine, a hormone with roles in depression and mood swings.
• Energy – Vitamin C stimulates mitochondrial function and protects the mitochondrial membrane against oxidative damage. This allows the mitochondria to function efficiently in producing energy for our cells.
• Immunity – Vitamin C increases the function of various white blood cell types and decreases the replication of viruses. It has also been shown to reduce the duration and severity of the common cold.
• Inflammation – Oxidative stress, caused by damage from free radicals, has been linked to inflammation and many chronic diseases. Studies show that vitamin C can increase your blood antioxidant levels and protect your cells from free radical damage. Vitamin C is also used to manufacture glutathione in the body (another powerful antioxidant) and may reduce inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines.

Vitamin C plays many important roles in the body. Taking 500mg per day as part of the THRIVE formula helps ensure you get enough of this powerhouse vitamin.†

Relevant studies:

Alessio et al. International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 1997
Huijskens et al. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2014
Paleologos et al. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1998
Padayatty et al. Oral Diseases. 2016
Boyera et al. International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 1998
Amr et al. Nutrition Journal. 2013
Duarte et al. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2009
Aguirre et al. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2008
Hansen et al. Nutrients. 2014

Quercetin is an antioxidant flavanoid found in many plant-based foods like apples and onions. Flavonoids give plants their color and are a type of polyphenol, which also include resveratrol and curcumin. Like other flavanoids and polyphenols, quercetin-rich foods have. along history in traditional medicine. Quercetin has earned the nickname of "master flavanoid" because of its prevalence in the diet and extensive scientific research into its benefits.

Studies suggest quercetin may do everything from neutralize free radicals to boost levels of the master antioxidant glutathione to reduce inflammation. Here's how quercetin can help optimize your health:

• Anxiety – Quercetin can help control stress and the associated cortisol spike by suppressing the enzyme necessary for cortisol release.
• Immunity – Quercetin is a zinc ionophore, which means it helps zinc get inside the cells where it can do its job, including helping the immune system function properly. Preliminary research suggests that quercetin has the ability to inhibit viral replication and it has been shown to reduce the length and severity of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms.
• Inflammation – Quercetin has been shown to prevent the release of histamin in the body, stabilize mast cells, and it may decrease inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNFa.

One of the challenges with quercetin is its poor bioavailability, which in typical oral supplements is about 2%. However, a more soluble formulation of quercetin, called quercetin phytosome™, was found to increase plasma levels of quercetin up to 20 times more than unformulated quercetin. THRIVE contains 250mg of quercetin phytosome™ to maximize the absorption of this powerful polyphenol.†

Relevant studies

Zinc is the second-most abundant mineral in your body and is essential to every cell. It is necessary for the activity of over 300 enzymes that aid in metabolism, digestion, and nerve function, among others. Zinc is also required for numerous processes in the body, including gene expression, immune function, protein and DNA synthesis, wound healing, and growth and development.

Zinc serves hundreds of critcal tasks in the body to help keep you healthy:

• Anxiety – Low blood levels and dietary intake of zinc are associated with higher depression rates and worse symptoms. Zinc has been found to significantly improve overall mood, likely through an increase in BDNF.
• Sleep – Zinc is involved in the conversion of serotonin to melatonin, the hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. It is also involved in the regulation of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter that has calming effects on the central nervous system and is involved in promoting relaxation.
• Immunity – Zinc is essential for the normal development and function of immune cells. Zinc acts as a gatekeeper for immune function by regulating the signal between the body’s immune tolerance and defense systems, i.e., when to fight infection and when to back down. Zinc is also a potent antiviral helper that modulates cell-mediated immunity and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Because of the critical role it plays in the immune system, even a mild deficiency can impair immune function and increase the risk of infection.

Zinc has so many health benefits it's impossible to list them all. THRIVE contains 15mg of highly bioavailable zinc picolinate to help your body function at peak efficiency.†

Relevant studies

Prasad. Nutrition. 1995
Wessels et al. Nutrients. 2017
Klaus-Helge et al. Journal of Nutrition. 2003
Solati et al. Nutritional Neuroscience. 2015
Swardfager et al. Biological Psychiatry. 2013
Gupta et al. Dermatology Research and Practice. 2014

Copper is an essential trace mineral that is required for growth, bone strength, immune function, heart function, and brain development. Copper is an integral part of a group of enzymes called cuproenzymes, which are important for cellular energy production, the formation of collagen, iron metabolism, antioxidant activity, normal function of the brain and central nervous system, and the formation of melanin.

Here's how copper can help you THRIVE:

• Immunity – Copper can help boost the immune system by helping to produce white blood cells and antibodies. Copper has been shown to increase secretion of cytokine IL-2, which helps regulate white blood cell activity.

Copper is especially important alongside zinc supplementation. Copper combines with zinc to form superoxide dismutase, a potent antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, which has many long-term health risks.

The risk of copper deficiency is fairly common - according to one study, at least 1/4 of the U.S. population does not consume enough copper through their diet. THRIVE contains 2 mg of copper glycinate to help your body function optimally.†

Relevant studies

Olivares et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1996
Tainer et al. Nature. 1983
Munoz et al. European Cytokine Network. 2005
Sajithlal et al. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 1999
Prohaska. Advances in Nutrition. 2011

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a potent antioxidant found in every cell in the body. It is incredibly important for proper mitochondrial function, heart health, and muscle function. It also helps generate energy, improves mitochondrial function, and protects against oxidative damage from free radicals.

Here's how CoQ10 can help you look and feel your best:

• Energy – CoQ10 is mainly located in the membrane of mitochondria, where it is used to make energy. It helps shuttle electrons in the mitochondria to produce ATP, the main form of cellular energy. Energy-demanding organs in your body have the highest levels of CoQ10, including the brain, heart, muscle, kidneys, and liver. Meanwhile, people with chronic fatigue syndrome often have low CoQ10 levels, which may explain the lack of energy they experience. In two studies of people with CFS, taking CoQ10 improved energy levels, mental function, mood, and sleep quality.
• Inflammation – CoQ10 reduces levels of inflammatory compounds, including c-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which are linked to heart disease and diabetes.

Coenzyme Q10 is a powerful antioxidant that protects the cell and mitochondrial membranes from oxidative damage that causes cells to break down and stop working. It's antioxidant capacities are especially important for maintaining a healthy heart. CoQ10 is carried around the bloodstream by lipoproteins such as LDL and HDL. LDL is especially prone to oxidation, which triggers arterial plaque formation and leads to atherosclerosis. CoQ10 helps prevent LDL oxidation and also boosts other antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase.

The body makes about half the CoQ10 we need and the rest comes from food. But the best sources of CoQ10 are animal hearts and liver, which most people do not eat on a regular basis. Meanwhile, CoQ10 production declines with age. THRIVE contains 200mg of ubiquinol, which is the active and most bioavailable form of CoQ10, to help keep your body and mind running at optimal energy levels.†

Relevant studies

Saini. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2011
Hernández-Camacho et al. Frontiers in Physiology. 2018
Barcelos et al. Biology. 2019
Fukuda et al. Biofactors. 2016
Zhang et al. Food and Function. 2018
Fan et al. Pharmacological Research. 2017
Mine et al. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition. 2022
Stout et al. Biology (Basel). 2019
Zmitek et al. Biofactors. 2017

Resveratrol is a powerful polyphenol found in a variety of foods such as grape skins, berries, and peanuts. Studies have pointed to benefits of resveratrol such as reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, improvements in memory tasks, improvements in metabolic and cardiac markers, improvements in cholesterol, and increased insulin sensitivity.

Resveratrol has garnered popularity because of the "french paradox": many French diets contain high amounts of saturated fat yet death rates from cardiovascular disease is relatively low among the French. Some researchers believe that the resveratrol found in red wine plays central role in this dichotomy.

Resveratrol has shown strong antioxidant properties in numerous studies. Oxidative stress is thought to be one of the primary contributors to many modern diseases. Here are some other ways resveratrol can help optimize your health:

• Immunity – Resveratrol modulates immune system response to pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and some toxic materials.
• Inflammation – Researchers believe that resveratrol mimics calorie restriction and helps decrease chronic inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Japanese knotweed, from which the resveratrol in THRIVE is extracted, has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent. More recently, resveratrol's ability to extend lifespan in different organisms, by activating genes called sirtuins, has become a major area of scientific research. Several studies have suggested that it can slow down age-related cognitive decline and extend lifespan. THRIVE contains 500mg of 98% trans-resveratrol extract, which is the active ingredient in resveratrol to help you look and feel younger.†

Relevant studies

Meng et al. Foods. 2020
Kalantari et al. Biofactors. 2010
Braidy et al. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 2016
Liu et al. Clinical Nutrition. 2015
Bonnefont-Rousselot. Nutrients. 2016
Berman et al. npj Precision Oncology. 2017

Iodine is an essential trace mineral that the body requires to function properly. It has a direct impact on the tyroid gland, helping make the thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Nearly all of your body's functions in almost every tissue rely on thyroid hormones.

Thyroid problems are widespread in today's society, with the prescription thyroid medication Levothyroxine the second-most prescribed drug in the U.S. Hypothyroidism (an underactrive thyroid) has been linked to weight gain, fatigue, dry skin, and brain fog. It is no coincidence that the symptoms of iodine deficiency overlap with those of hypothyroidism.

Here's how supplementing with iodine can help optimize your thyroid and keep your body functioning at its best:

• Anxiety – Iodine plays a role in mood regulation through its impact on thyroid function. Thyroid hormones play a role in regulating neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and GABA. Low levels of these neurotransmitters are associated with depression and anxiety.
• Energy – Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism. An increase in thyroid hormone levels, particularly T3, can boost metabolism, leading to higher energy expenditure and increased energy levels. Thyroid hormones also stimulate the consumption of oxygen by cells. Increased oxygen consumption supports the production of energy, particularly in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body's primary energy currency. Finally, thyroid hormones enhance the breakdown of glycogen and promote the utilization of fats for energy, which contributes to energy availability and supports overall energy levels.
• Immunity – Thyroid hormones influence the development, maturation, and activity of immune cells, including lymphocytes (T cells and B cells), macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells.
• Inflammation – Thyroid hormones balance the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which are signaling molecules that play a central role in the body's inflammatory response.

Iodine plays a vital role in maintaining healthy thyroid function, which effects almost every system in your body. To help ensure your body functions optimally, THRIVE contains 200mcg of iodine.†

Relevant studies

Hermann et al. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. 2004
Zimmermann et al. The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. 2015
Di Liegro. Molecular Medicine Reports. 2008
Zava et al. Thyroid Research. 2011
Niwattisaiwong et al. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2017

B vitamins play many essential roles in the body. As the building blocks of a healthy body, B vitamins have a direct impact on energy levels, brain function, mood, nerve function, cell metabolism, eyesight, digestion, hormone production, and cardiovascular health.

There are eight B vitamins that contribute to your overall bodily function: Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Niacin (B3), Pantothenic acid (B5), Pyridoxine (B6), Biotin (B7), Folate (B9), and Cobalamin (B12). Research suggests they can help reduce stress, boost mood, boost energy, and much more:

• Anxiety – Thiamine (B1) helps your body withstand stress, which can help boost mood and motivation, and defend against depression and anxiety. Pantothenic acid (B5) is often referred to as the “anti-stress vitamin” because it helps make coenzyme-a, which is involved in cortisol production and regulation. B5 has a reputation for reducing stress, anxiety, and depression. Meanwhile, pyridoxine (B6) and cobalamin (B12) increase brain serotonin and dopamine levels, which can help decrease anxiety.
• Energy – Almost all of the B vitamins regulate the metabolism and help turn food into energy. Meanwhile, thiamine (B1) is needed to make ATP, which transports energy within cells.
• Sleep – Pyridoxine (B6) is needed to make melatonin, also known as the sleep hormone. Meanwhile, cobalamin (B12) has been shown to help improve circadian rhythm sleep disorders.
• Immunity – Pyridoxine (B6) helps chemical reactions in the immune system, helping it work better. Meanwhile, biotin (B7) is essential for immune function. It is needed for white blood cell development and it increases the production of certain cytokines that are essential for eliciting an immune response.

Chronic stress depletes B vitamins and your body's ability to absorb them decreases with age. THRIVE contains a full spectrum of high-quality B vitamins to help ensure your body functions optimally.†

Relevant studies

Kennedy. Nutrients. 2016
Hanna et al. The Permanente Journal. 2022
Young et al. Nutrients. 2019
Peterson et al. Nutrients. 2020
Ford et al. Nutrients. 2018
Calderón-Ospina et al. CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics. 2020
Calvaresi et al. The journals of gerontology Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. 2001